PERILAKU PEMILIHAN MAKANAN TINGGI NATRIUM BERPENGARUH TERHADAP ASUPAN NATRIUM PENDERITA HIPERTENSI DI KOTA SEMARANG
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Abstract
World Health Organization (WHO) menyatakan satu dari tiga orang dewasa di seluruh dunia memiliki tekanan darah tinggi dan proporsinya meningkat seiring meningkatnya usia. Di Indonesia, Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) Tahun 2007 menunjukkan prevalensi hipertensi secara nasional mencapai 31,7 persen dan di Propinsi Jawa Tengah prevalensinya mencapai 37 persen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku pemilihan makanan tinggi natrium yang meliputi pengetahuan, sikap dan praktek serta hubungannya dengan asupan natrium. Desain penelitian cross-sectional. Sejumlah 60 wanita dewasa usia 36 sampai 76 tahun menjadi responden dengan kriteria inklusi menderita hipertensi kurang dari 3 tahun dan tidak sedang menjalani program diet. Pengetahuan dan sikap pemilihan makanan tinggi natrium dikumpulkan dengan wawancara dilengkapi kuesioner sedangkan praktek dan asupan natrium dikumpulkan dengan semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Analisis data dengan chi square dan korelasi pearson. Asupan natrium responden rata-rata sebesar 3604,10 mg. Sejumlah 96,7 persen responden asupan natriumnya di atas anjuran (<2400 mg). Proporsi responden dengan pengetahuan kurang, sikap kurang dan konsumsi makanan tinggi natriumnya sering memiliki asupan natriumnya tinggi yaitu masing-masing 54,5 persen, 63,6 persen dan 84,8 persen. Ada hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara pengetahuan dan sikap dengan asupan natrium dengan masing-masing nilai r=-0,508; p=0,000; r=-0,342; p=0,008 dan ada hubungan positif signifikan antara praktek dengan asupan natrium (r=0,782; p=0,000). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan responden yang merupakan penderita hipertensi sering mengkonsumsi makanan sumber natrium tinggi. Pemberian pemahaman mengenai risiko asupan natrium yang tinggi terhadap kesehatan kepada masyarakat akan sangat bermanfaat.
ABSTRACT
FOOD SELECTION BEHAVIOURS RELATED TO NATRIUM INTAKE AMONG HYPERTENSIVE OUTPATIENT IN SEMARANG
High natrium intake is one of hypertension risk factors. Basic health research data in 2007 showed that in Indonesia, hypertension prevalence in community reached 31,7% and in Central Java the prevalence was 37%. Objective of the study is to find out high natrium food behavior include knowledge, attitude and practice as well as to analyze it’s relationship with natrium intake. The study used cross sectional design. There were 60 adult women selected as respondents aged 36 to 76 years with inclusion criteria as being hypertension less than 3 years and was not in a diet program. Knowledge and attitude were collected by interviewing them using questionnaire. Practices and natrium intake data were collected using semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The results showed that mean of natrium intake was 3604,10 mg. Majority (96,7%) of respondents had natrium intake above recommendation (<2400 mg). Respondents with poor knowledge and attitutude as well as high consumption of natrium rich food had high intake of natrium 54,5%, 63,6% dan 84,8% respectively. There were negative significant correlation between knowledge (r=-0,508; p=0,000) and attitude (r=-0,342; p=0,008) with natrium intake. There was a positive significant correlation between practice and natrium intake (r=0,782; p=0,000). High consumption of natrium rich food is considered prevalent in the community. It is essential to educate people the negative effect of high natrium consumption.
Keywords: dietary behaviours, natrium intake, hypertension
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