STATUS VITAMIN A DAN ZAT BESI ANAK INDONESIA
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Abstract
Zat besi dan vitamin A mempunyai peran penting dalam pertumbuhan anak. Kekurangan kedua zat gizi tersebut mempunyai dampak yang luas terhadap, tumbuh kembang anak. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status anemia dan status vitamin A anak Indonesia. SEANUTS adalah survai status gizi anak 0,5-12,9 tahun multi-center study dengan rancangan potong lintang yang dilaksanakan pada tahun 2011 di Indonesia yang mencakup 48 kabupaten/kota. Data yang dikumpulkan antara lain biokimia darah, termasuk hemoglobin, ferritin, dan vitamin A serum. Penentuan kadar hemoglobin dengan Cyanmethemoglobin, ferritin dengan ELISA, kadar serum vitamin A menggunakan HPLC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi anemia tertinggi ditemukan pada kelompok umur 0,5-0,9 tahun yang tinggal di perdesaan yaitu 61,9 persen dibandingkan pada kelompok umur 9,0-12,9 tahun yaitu 11,4 persen. Demikian pula dengan prevalensi kurang besi, pada kelompok umur 1,0 - 2,9 tahun sebesar 29,7 persen, sedangkan pada kelompok umur 9,0-12,9 tahun hanya 5,3 persen. Prevalensi kekurangan vitamin A di perkotaan, pada kelompok umur 1,0-2,9 tahun tidak dijumpai masalah kurang vitamin A (0,0 persen), namun di perdesaan dijumpai sebanyak 3,1 persen, sementara itu pada kelompok usia 9,0-12,9 tahun di perkotaan dijumpai sebesar 4,9 persen dan di perdesaan sebesar 4,8 persen. Anemia masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat dengan kategori berat terutama pada anak di bawah usia 3 tahun. Kekurangan zat besi lebih banyak ditemui pada anak kelompok usia dibawah 3 tahun
ABSTRACT
VITAMIN A AND IRON STATUS OF INDONESIAN CHILDREN
The aim of this study was to identify the iron and vitamin A status in Indonesian children. SEANUTS Indonesia covered children of age 0.5-12.9 years old from 48 sub-districts. The study collected biochemical parameters which included iron, ferritin and serum vitamin A status. Hemoglobin was determined by Cyanmethemoglobin, ferritin by ELISA and serum vitamin A serum by HPLC. The prevalence of anemia was lower (11.4 %) in the older children (9.0-12.9 years) compared to younger children (0.5-0.9 years) were 61.9 % which was found in the rural area. Similarly, the prevalence of iron deficiency was lower (5.3 %) in the older children (9.0-12.9 years) compared to younger children (0.5-0.9 years) were 29.7 % which was found in the rural area. In contrast, the prevalence of retinol deficiency was higher (4.9 %) in the older children (9.0-12.9 years) compared to younger children (0.5-0.9 years) were 0,0 % which was found in the urban area, and it was higher (4.8 %) in the older children (9.0-12.9 years) compared to younger children (0.5-0.9 years) were 3.1 % which was found in the rural area. Anemia among children under 3 years old remains a severe public health problem. Iron deficiency more prevalent among children under 3 years old
Keywords: vitamin A status, iron status, Indonesian children
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