ANALISIS PERSEPSI TENAGA GIZI TERHADAP ALAT ASESMEN STATUS MALNUTRISI PADA PASIEN ANAK DI RUMAH SAKIT
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Malnutrition among hospitalized children is a critical issue that worsens prognosis, prolongs hospital stays, and increases healthcare costs. Although several assessment tools have been developed and validated to evaluate pediatric nutritional status, their implementation in hospital practice remains limited. This study aimed to explore nutrition professionals’ perceptions of malnutrition assessment tools in pediatric patients and to identify factors influencing their application in hospital settings. A mixed-methods design was employed, involving questionnaires completed by 32 hospital-based nutrition professionals. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively and bivariately using the Chi-square test, while qualitative data were examined thematically through transcription, coding, and interpretation. Findings revealed that all respondents (100%) recognized the importance of early detection of pediatric malnutrition. Most participants (96.88%) highlighted five key indicators in assessment: anthropometry, dietary energy and protein intake, physical examination, presence of acute or chronic disease, and digestive problems. Furthermore, respondents emphasized the need for validated tools equipped with scoring systems to ensure consistency and accuracy. Bivariate analysis demonstrated a significant association between nutrition professionals’ educational level and their perceptions of assessment tools (p=0.049). Overall, positive perceptions underscore the potential for developing simpler, validated, and standardized tools to strengthen early identification of pediatric malnutrition and improve nutrition care in hospitals.
Keywords: pediatric malnutrition, malnutrition assessment tools, hospital, pediatric nutrition, perception
ABSTRAK
Malnutrisi pada anak di rumah sakit merupakan masalah serius yang dapat memperburuk prognosis, memperpanjang lama rawat inap, dan meningkatkan biaya perawatan. Berbagai alat asesmen status gizi anak telah dikembangkan dan tervalidasi, namun penerapannya di rumah sakit masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis persepsi tenaga gizi terhadap penggunaan alat asesmen malnutrisi pada pasien anak serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi penerapannya di rumah sakit. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan campuran (mixed methods) dengan pengisian kuesioner 32 tenaga gizi yang bersedia dari beberapa rumah sakit. Data kuantitatif dianalisis secara deskriptif dan bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-square, sedangkan data kualitatif dianalisis melalui metode analisis tematik yang mencakup tahap transkripsi, pengkodean, dan interpretasi tema. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh responden (100%) memahami pentingnya deteksi dini malnutrisi di rumah sakit. Bagian besar responden (96,88%) menilai lima indikator penting dalam asesmen malnutrisi pada anak, yaitu antropometri, riwayat asupan energi dan protein, pemeriksaan fisik, penyakit akut atau kronis, serta masalah pencernaan sebagai komponen utama. Mayoritas responden juga menekankan perlunya penggunaan alat asesmen yang tervalidasi dan memiliki sistem skoring guna menjamin konsistensi dan akurasi penilaian. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan signifikan antara tingkat pendidikan tenaga gizi dan persepsi terhadap alat asesmen malnutrisi (p=0,049). Secara keseluruhan, persepsi positif tenaga gizi menekankan potensi pengembangan alat asesmen yang lebih sederhana, tervalidasi, dan terstandar untuk meningkatkan identifikasi status malnutrisi pasien anak demi pelayanan gizi yang lebih baik di rumah sakit.
Kata kunci: malnutrisi anak, alat asesmen malnutrisi, rumah sakit, gizi anak, persepsi
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